R18a1 engine mods. 8 i4 in case I wanted to increase power.

R18a1 engine mods • Plenum & Runner: Precision-engineered components for optimal airflow and performance. Years 2006 to 2022Engine and motor Petrol: 1. 6:1 compression ratio Oct 8, 2010 · P2R Spacer throttle body spacer,from what i have seen you can get about 14bhp extra and about 20ft of torque and would cost under £60 for the mod better then any induction kit for the 1. AL6061 aluminum design adds 15-30 HP to R18A1 engines. However the information I'm finding online seems to be inconsistent. R18A2 – European version. 2010. You won't get meaningful performance imorovements out if that engine unless you throw thousands at it. My first thought was that a SRI would be a great first mod because it's relatively easy to install and is supposed to give you a half-decent power Option to upgrade to Forced Induction tuning A complete tune, everything you need to get the R18 running even better at part and WOT! Unlimited revisions for when the modifications don’t change, so if the car is not perfect yet, we will still tune it until perfect even if at Rev8-9 etc, as long as mods are the same. The only Dec 19, 2012 · The r18z1 is same internals all the r18a1 internals work. 809 By MTM Custom Gear Ratios Clutch master : Twin plate clutch INNER MOTIVE LSD : HONDA K20A DC5 Type-R Gear oil : RED LINE MT-85 YouTube :Civic R18 Transmission Awaiting TRACK DAY!!!! as well as to drive it HAHAH Engine Performance/Modifications Engine - *R18A1 Block *CP Pistons *Pauter Rods *Golden Eagle Jan 23, 2014 · What mods can I do to get a little more power out of the civic ex with out making it a loud turd just looking for a little more pep (This thread has been merged with two (for now) newer threads all dealing with getting more power from the R18 engine. Built with the Rotrex C30-74 supercharger, the Kraftwerks 2006-2011 Honda Civic R18 kit produces impressive results throughout the entire power band due to its patented traction drive technology. The R18A1 engine is part of Honda’s proven R-series lineup, featuring Single Overhead Camshaft (SOHC) design and i-VTEC technology for optimized performance and fuel economy. 8 i4 in case I wanted to increase power. Global delivery & 0% Finance available. - Modified Magazine R18A is an inline-four engine available for sale in United States. See full list on torquecars. com and we’ll help. How do the different VTEC types work? Jul 24, 2018 · Hi everyone I have a 2008 Civic LX with an r18A1 power plant. The information contained herein Jul 16, 2024 · Car: CIVIC FD1 Engine: R18A1 Valves: Ferrea Spring valve:BC Valve retainer: BC Camshaft: skunk2 Piston: 81. It's a much better starting platform. 3 mm stroke crankshaft was installed inside this cylinder block, the length of connecting rods Hey guys so I’m thinking of trading in my 2014 VW Jetta 2. As I haven't seen people really talk about it where I'll be buying (in Oceania, Japan import . New threads on this topic will be merged Is it safe to turbo the r18a1 1. The engine has a 10. I know the 1. 5:1 • Bore & stroke: 81. The engine isn't a particularly good candidate for boost, and bolt ons will offer little more than extra noise. Dec 8, 2009 · 3) Will not do more damage to the engine than the gain is worth The problem is that as I read through various posts on the site, most of the mods that I was interested in are sounding less appealing. 8 R18A Honda Civic. Thanks for any input. 8l r18 engines have had recalls for cracked engine blocks. Tuner Series Stage II Camshafts are designed to optimize horsepower and torque on mildly modified Gain an extra 10+ hp with Skunk2’s Tuner Series Stage II Camshaft for the Honda R18, our premier line of high-performance camshafts for Honda’s R18A1 engines. Honda R series are popular tuning projects and with carefully chosen enhancements like remapping, turbo improvements and camshafts you will definitely maximise your driving pleasure. I swaped mu honda crv R20A2 engine with R18A1 (honda frv) one. Find the most popular engine swaps from a B16 to a H22 and the legendary D16 ZC, B18C5 and B17 A1. Our Manifolds offers quicker Turbo spool and huge top end power increases over the OEM factory manifolds. Oct 3, 2025 · Everything You Need to go R18 to K Series By Brian Gillespie and Aaron Gaghagen The R18 that powers the majority of 8th gen Civics is a dependable work horse, but it lacks excitement. . more HONDA CIVIC R18A R20A FD1 BILLET CNTERFEED Intake Manifold. the SI's is apparently in Aug 19, 2012 · 3. The company is VRL Performance from Singapore (Welcome to VRL Performance). Dec 22, 2019 · Ok guys I'm new here. R18Z1 – version with a refined i-VTEC, which at low speeds disconnects 4 intake valves. Kraftwerks Supercharger for the 2006-2011 Honda Civic R18 COUPE (non-si models). Bolt-on fit for DX, EX, LX models—improved airflow, torque, and throttle response. The Civic Hybrid's LDA-MF5 IMA engine uses the varible cylender management variant of SOHC i-VTEC. Application: Honda Civic, Honda FR-V, Honda City, and Honda Stream. 8L inline fourStock horsepower: 140@6,300Stock torque: 128@4,300Transmission: five-speed manualEstimated MPG: 30/36mp R18A1 Engine - Honda r18 engine modifications and differences. I’ve checked through the VIN and it says it has an R18A1 engine and I’m unsure if the trade in will be worth it if it has no capabilities to tune and mod it. Not to long ago I bought a 1991 acura intega with 300,000KM’s on it. My question is I heard these engines are great Dec 28, 2006 · someone in this forum said in a post that the R18's VTEC and the Si's VTEC work in different ways. I have asked them if they can do ours and the answer was "yes" :) (R18 Stock ECU Tuning - Page 11 - Honda Stream Apr 30, 2008 · got a Intake, got an exhause found some nice headers i might get, what else is there for the R18 right now as far as engine internals upgrades, cam shafts? bigger injectors? what should i do next any good ideas? since its breathing good with I/H/E should i get some bigger injectors and go tune Jan 6, 2007 · Here some info R18A1 • Found in: o 2007- Honda Civic (JDM FD1, USDM FA1, USDM FG1) • Displacement: 1799 cc • Compression: 10. It doesn’t rev that high and the torque is “meh. But I hope that you'll realize that it's not bad or particularly boring, and that it's still a Jul 3, 2017 · Just picked up an 06 sedan with cracked block. It had 20,000 miles in the clock when I bought it. 8L R18A/R18Z Engine design and features, its the most common problems and relaibility. Seamless power. R18A1 Top End Engine Parts Items 1 - 12 of 26 Sort By Supertech 5. Generally, these are pretty reliable engines with the most common failure from a porous engine casting problem on early cars where coolant would weep from the front of the block. 008†/ . Jan 14, 2025 · Explore the Honda R18A 1. The Hondata 4 bar map sensor will not physically fit the intake Gain an extra 10+ hp with Skunk2’s Tuner Series Stage II Camshaft for the Honda R18, our premier line of high-performance camshafts for Honda’s R18A1 engines. Also if any one has more ideas for an r18 I'd appreciate it. Tuner Series Stage II Camshafts are designed to optimize horsepower and torque on mildly modified engines and are the result of Skunk2’s years’ worth of drag rac May 23, 2017 · Ummmm r18 motors are cheap so you can do all those mods first and build the motor last if you are going to. 0 for a 2006 Honda Civic LX 2dr . The intake manifold shift is set at 5000 rpm. for the bracket connecting the mount to the engine, remove the 17mm bolt on the top of the motor mount then remove the 19mm bolt and nut attached to the engine. 8L i-VTEC with engine R18A1, R18A2 and ecu Keihin. Iv got a 70mm throttle body to replace the 63mm, also a weapon intake manifold. It's out of the timeframe for recall so I'll be replacing the engine myself. There’s also another option of trading my car in for the 2010 2dr DX-G, I can’t find the engine specs of this car but both are Jun 9, 2009 · Ok I know there are literally hundreds of performance parts for the R18 out already, and I keep seeing threads talking about and asking about what they make for our cars and whatnot, so since I dont' do anything at work, I figure I would make a running list that I will constantly update to list Dec 28, 2019 · I just picked up a full stock 8th gen coupe 5spd and want to know where the best place to start to add some more power. Jul 24, 2010 · The R18 engine uses a variable length intake manifold, so during low engine loads or low RPM ranges, the intake manifold's long intake runners are used for better low and mid range torque and then the shorter intake runners are used during higher RPM or throttle for better high end torque. May 16, 2018 · Honda R18A engine reliability, problems and repair With the release of the 8 generation Honda Civic in 2005, the new R18A engine appeared in the then new R-series. 3 mm • Power: 138 bhp (140 PS, 103 kW) @ 6300 rpm • Torque: 17. 8 or 2. 5:1 Crankshaft: R20 Pulley : SPR super lightweight Radiator : K6 PERFORMANCE Radiator Hose : K6 PERFORMANCE Intake: K6 PERFORMANCE Header: Megan Header + Down pipe custom Apr 13, 2016 · I was looking into the JacksonRacing R18A1 Supercharger kit (track version) that comes with a Rotrex C30-74 Supercharger, Hondata Flashpro, and 450cc DeatschWerks Fuel Injectors. com Sep 25, 2012 · Full Motor Build Engine - *R18A1 Block *CP Pistons *Pauter Rods *Golden Eeagle Sleeves (Machine Work) *Custom ARP Head Studs *Ferrea Racing Custom Retainers *Ferrea Racing Custom Springs *ACL Race Bearings *Injected OEM Mounts (3M Window Weld) *Custom Intake Manifold - by Gato Performance *Thermal Gaskets *GoPower Cam (still debating) Dec 16, 2021 · FN1Beast said: What r18 engine mods have you done ? Or what engine mods would you like to do ? 😃 So I'm wanting to fit a skunk2 cam, a stage2 clutch and flywheel. It is known for its reliability, efficiency, and smooth performance. Feb 8, 2024 · I’m still a newbie when it comes to engines and I’m in a situation where I have to get a new engine for my 2010 Civic. You never stated how much power you want and how much money you have to spend on this. R18A1 Eng. The Civic DX/LX/EX/EX-L's R18A1 engine uses the economy variant of SOHC i-VTEC. 8 liter engine on the 8th gen civic? I’m planning to build a track car and the 8th gen civic seems like a good budget candidate. From the data we have collected so far regarding the r18a1, it appears that this engine has. I was just wondering whether it was safe to turbo the 1. Full-Race Civic R18 Turbo Kit FAQ If you are seriously considering forced induction on your R18 – read this FAQ. Imported from Japan. ” Luckily we’ve got the solution and it is the almighty K series! A K swap into a non-Si (or Type R) 8th gen Civic is the new B series into a 5th or 6th gen Honda Civic R18A & R18Z Supercharger Kits - Each Honda supercharger system is a comprehensive design and includes all necessary components. How to replace the ENGINE 1. This car belongs to a younger enthusiast and he is full bolt on meaning intake, downpipe, exhaust, and tuned on Hondata(stock manifold because an aftermarket manifold is useless). And, unlike any other forced induction system, the Kraftwerks supercharger system provides a linear power curve, torque Thinking of buying a 2008 civic. 8L SOHC VTEC MOTOR JDM R18A ENGINE 2006-2011 JDM HONDA CIVIC R18A1 1. 0 L R18A1 I4 Years 2006 to 2022Models: FA1– Technical Information Boost Tuning on the R18 Engine Overview This article details forced induction tuning for the 2006-2011 R18 Civic. Technically, the motors are identical. 8L i-VTEC with engine code R18A1, R18A2 and ecu Keihin. Every engine we sell is fully remanufactured to meet or exceed OEM specifications: Deep Clean – To start the remanufacturing process, every engine is fully disassembled and hot tanked (cast iron) or thermally cleaned (aluminum) Inspection – Magnaflux testing uses magnetic particles to inspect metal, checking for microscopic Jun 22, 2022 · In this article we cover the Honda K20Z3 engine found in the 2006-2011 Honda Civic Si. 11. Some people say the issue is super prevalent, others not so much. 010†HP gains: 5-10+ (Optimal gains found with the use of supporting modifications and a professional tune) Gain an extra 10 hp with Skunk2’s Series Stage II Camshaft for the Honda R18, our premier line of high-performance camshafts for Honda’s R18A1 engines. That's it. Valve Clearance (Intake / Exhaust): . The K20Z3 is the engine that comes in the Civic Si. 8l r18a/r18z engine design and features. 5mm. It's important to understand that Product added on 2023-02-08 13:14:02 Technical Specifications Product code R18A1 Serial number R18A1-2456426 Year 2006-2011 Mileage 55000-60000 Weight 1,200 Apr 7, 2025 · Explore common Honda R18 engine problems, their symptoms, and potential consequences to ensure reliable vehicle performance. Thy have everything out from pistons, rods, sleeves, to valves, springs, retainers the difference is mounting position/points rest should be the same. It seems the Z1 swaps are a lot cheaper and more abundant, plus not prone to the block crack, so I was considering this engine as an option. Used engines should always be monitored closely within the first 50 to 100 miles after install to ensure that all components are functioning properly. Oct 31, 2010 · As [Relic] already pointed out, the R18A1 & R18A2 engines are identical - it's just the gearboxes that differ - so, any Induction \ Forced Induction kit for the USA (or JDM ?) motor will work with the Euro version - apart from the potentially "not so minor" matter of engine bay size and clearances !!! Oct 21, 2010 · The car: 2006 Civic EX Stock engine: R18 1. New TunerPro chiptuning maps for Honda 1. The only mods on it that i know is a intake and a muffler high flow resonator. K20Z3 specs, upgrades, and reliability Jun 19, 2016 · Hello, well there is no any difference in performance, compared with oem, sound yes, but not performance, only degradation, it wont take any cold air, just hot air from engine bay, its stupid mod, if you want noticeable power gain, you have to do in Exhausts, take off catalyst converter, remap ecu to new fuel air mixture for lower Exhausts restriction, and so on. he said that for the R18's the VTEC works for gas mileage, which means it works in the lower RPM ranges (under 3500RPM) and anywhere past that its just normal power. Feb 17, 2024 · Honda R18A1 Engine Specs The Honda R18A1 engine is a four-cylinder, inline configuration engine that is commonly found in Honda vehicles. 8L R18A/R18Z Engine? Is it good or bad? Read about Honda 1. We CNC machined velocity stacks, flanges and carefully Tig Weld the entire manifold to prevent Leaks and Cracks. It was written to help answer many common questions, and discuss the special attributes that make the R-series engines from Honda great for boost. This engine was used in the European Honda Civic. Sep 16, 2014 · R18 Tuner Series Camshafts Stage 2 Gain an extra 10+ hp with Skunk2’s Tuner Series Stage II Camshaft for the Honda R18, our premier line of high-performance camshafts for Honda’s R18A1 engines. By connecting the FlashPro to your laptop's USB and the vehicle's diagnostic port, you gain access to live tuning, various calibrations, and extensive real-time and stored We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 8L engine's specs, common issues, and reliability to understand its performance and maintenance needs. Our High Volume Intake Manifolds have been proven to make over 15-30hp on Naturaly Aspirated applications and 45-90hp on Forced Induction Applications. Has anyone done something like this before? Are there any aftermarket kits? Thanks in New bin definition files (xdf) series for Honda 1. The Aug 4, 2015 · Hello everyone, bought my first Honda a Civic EX sedan in July 2015 and was wondering about the engine origin being Greensburg, Indiana. 8 (FB2) performance parts. and asking if i had to do some modification on MCU. I've noticed a significant performance difference between hot days and cold days. VIN Code . 8 im not a engine man thats whay im asking and ive seen a few threads but it been mostly people saying no Suspension mods or intake/exhaust to make it sound better. If there is something you need to know not listed, please email tech@full-race. 080, 5th@0. An r18 Aug 31, 2012 · This is all provided by Brian (8thgenInAL) Thanks Brian! Ok I know there are literally hundreds of performance parts for the R18 out already, and I keep seeing threads talking about and asking about what they make for our cars and whatnot, so since I dont' do anything at work, I figure I Sep 15, 2024 · Modifications of the Honda R18A engine R18A1 – version of the engine for the Japanese and North American market. (If required) •Teflon Nov 10, 2009 · So first off i would like to say that this is going to be a long going slow paced build up. What can I do bolt on wise for my car an I'd really like to know about Jul 8, 2024 · My son's 06 LX has a cracked block and i'm hoping someone can offer me some insight into differences swap wise between the R20A5 and my stock R18A1? Used R20A5s seem to offer good price, availability and lower mileage plus a touch more power so it might be worth the extra effort. It’s should be the same engine, r18a1, unless JDM spec is different than USDM. And does the r18 engine Mods bolt ins for the new r18's or not. Aug 14, 2020 · I stole this from facebook. The latest HONDA 1. 412, 4th@1. It's hard to find stuff online to read due to the car not being old or to invested in but I'm all for save the single cams. 2006-2011 JDM HONDA CIVIC R18A1 1. The Civic Si's K20Z3 engine uses the performance variant of DOHC i-VTEC. Supported vehicles:more Aug 28, 2013 · The all-new Civic supercharger system isn't based on the Roots-style blowers of the '90s that are partly what made Jackson Racing a household name among Honda followers. Apr 21, 2010 · R18 is just a simple way of referring to any DX/LX/LX-S/EX/EX-L model Civic, all of which are equipped with the Honda R18A1 engine. The engine runs like a top, it also has a half scratched Aug 8, 2008 · anyone put on the r18 intake manifold from weapon-r yet? i've searched for a while but no luck. 0 x 87. If you want to modify and 8th gen beyond appearance mods, get an Si. What is the 1. R18A1 engine information and offers - Find the perfect replacement engine from over 164 listings - Discover now! Description 2006-2011 Honda 1. A guide to all the Civic engines suitable as donors for your engine swap or tuning project. Also wondering if this was primarily an issue in the US market. All Steps. it looks like a polished tin box for cookies, but it might do some good for r18 owners Hondata FlashPro allows you to tune and data log your 2006-2011 Civic and 2012-15 Civic with an R18 engine. In this article, we will delve into the engine configuration, engine oil specifications, and service intervals of the Honda R18A1 engine. 5mm Polyacrylic Intake & Viton Exhaust Valve Stem Seals Set RSX K20A2 K20A3 K20Z1 K24A2 The R18 is good for gas milage and reliability. Map sensors The stock map sensor is good for 10 pounds of boost. What is the r18a1 engine? Learn about 1. Modifications R18A1 – 141 hp (104 kW) at 6,300 rpm, 128 lb-ft (174 Nm) at 4,300 rpm. 8L i-VTEC engine in the Honda Civic covering its durability, quality, and overall emotions of owning the Civic powered with it. A 87. This is info for those who wonder what they can do to make their R18 faster. Explore the R18A1 Engine Technical Specifications The car engine is the heart of any vehicle, converting fuel into mechanical energy that powers the car's movement. There are two threads you need to read to extend your knowledge and all are relevant to right now 2017 standards. We will provide any size you need based on your specific request, ensuring a perfect fit for your setup. *i used an adjustable wrench and pipe to break loose the 19mm nut* Honda R18A1-2 Billet Intake Manifold We provide worldwide the highest level of custom exhaust and high performance intake manifold systems made with top level (equipment-materials-softwares) on the market. 7 kgm (174 N•m) @ 4300 rpm JDM cars or short "JDMs" were generally limited to 280 PS and a top speed of 180 km/h (~112 mph, via a speed limiter device), mostly due I’m trying to mod my 2009 Honda civic lx r18 automatic and everyone is hating on it but I personally like the make any recommendations performance wise? (I already have an exhaust system) : r/hondacivic     TOPICS Go to hondacivic r/hondacivic r/hondacivic Feb 4, 2014 · When you upgrade the power under the hood for the r18 do you have to do any mods for the automatic transmission or not. The current intake is literally right at the top of the engine bay behind all the radiators! I stripped loads of parts out the other day and can't find a single decent place to put one! Jul 9, 2009 · Whats the fastest you think we can push the R18A1 if I decide to go all motor preformance wise and a real good tune on an 06 4dr? Thanks for watching!!!Like, Comment, and subscribe!Instagram: @driveway_skater What kind of gains can a R18 engine expect after flashing with Hondata? Is Hondata worth it for someone looking for better (budget) performance without turbocharging? Everything You Need to go R18 to K SeriesBy Brian Gillespie and Aaron GaghagenLooking for a quick list of parts you'll need to do a K swap in your R18 power Item Code: R18A-ENGINE Year: 2006-2011 Mileage: 56,000 MILES Parts: Alternator, Intake Manifold, Injector, Motor Block & Head R18A1 Engine R18A1 Engine - Aluminum as a block material reduces engine weight, thereby improving vehicle. Oct 28, 2009 · ECU Remap of r18a engine Hi, after searching for a long time i have found this for remap on R18A engine. 6 i-dtec. 8L R18A1 L4. this is where the breaker bar/pipe comes in handy. We examine the options for your R series tuning and summarise the greatest mods that work. Oct 16, 2025 · Gain an extra 10+ hp with Skunk2’s Tuner Series Stage II Camshaft for the Honda R18, our premier line of high-performance camshafts for Honda’s R18A1 engines. Would like to hear some of your suggestions for the best ones to do. Since then I've out about 2,000 more on it and I like it it's a pretty nice reliable car with an ok amount of grunt for an econo car. Oem quality, backed by the industry's best warranty. It replaced the outdated D17A and D16W engines. Find out its specifications, variants,. So I got a 13 civic r18z1. It includes a Windows-based software called FlashPro Manager that allows you to read and make changes to the ECU. •Fittings: optional AN fitting size (AN4, AN6, AN8, AN10, AN12, AN16, AN20 ) and hose fittings are available. R18Z1 – 141 hp (104 kW) at 6,500 rpm, 128 lb-ft (174 Nm) at 4,300 rpm. 8 Type-S is quite limited for performance upgrades. A new compact aluminum cylinder block with the deck height of 230 mm was used here. We also specialize in aspects of vehicles performance engineering (street, racing and dragster) The listing is for a low mileage JDM R18A VTEC engine only fitting 06 to 12 Honda Civic EX DX and LX models. Mar 25, 2020 · In this video we explore the Honda R18 engine, a perfectly adequate engine that nobody cares about. Honda r18 engine modifications and differences. Would it bolt right in and run Jul 24, 2022 · I really want to do a cold air intake on my 1. R18A1 / R18 / R-Series-Petrol / Inline-4 / Honda Add a comment Honda R-Series R18A1 engine is installed on Honda Civic (2006-2011) making the above mentioned models eligible for engine interchange. Are these engines as good as the Japanese made engines? Mainly wondering about quality and control. We have not seen any built R18 motors, but if you install an Acura RDX MAP sensor (plug and play) you can boost up to 26 pounds. You just lost original OEM The listing is for a low mileage JDM R18A vtec engine as a direct fit for 06 to 12 Honda Civic EX DX and LX models Boost your 2006-2010 Honda Civic with Weapon R High Volume Intake Manifold (501-112-113). Buy stuff that makes the car more fun to drive. What is the r18a1 engine? Discover the specifications, configuration, and maintenance requirements of the honda r18a engine for optimal performance and longevity. If the engine was installed by a certified mechanic, it is the mechanic’s responsibility to ensure that the engine is in good condition before releasing the vehicle to the customer. Tuner Series Stage II Camshafts are designed to optimize horsepower and torque on mildly modified engines and are the result of Skunk2’s years’ worth of drag rac We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. So far throttle body spacer, lightweight pulley Oct 3, 2021 · My Civic R18 Transmission Modified Car : Civic 8th FD1 Engine :R18A1 Gear : Civic R18 5MT New ratio : 3rd@1. It features a single I am going to be using this channel to make car vids now so Today I'll be uploading a video on the i-VTEC Honda R18 #civic #hondacivic #honda #civictyper #ci No description has been added to this video. Cr. Supported Honda Civic, FR-V, City, Stream. HONDA performance upgrades and tuning specialist. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. I'd like to hear an know about mods for performance. Jul 5, 2018 · From what I've seen and read the 1. remove the 3 17mm bolts holding the torque damper (dog bone) 4. 8L SOHC VTEC MOTOR JDM R18A ENGINE ** actual item shown in pictures ** You will receive the exact item shown May 28, 2008 · The Civic however uses one of three types. Made from High Grade Jul 13, 2023 · I will tell you more about the 1. Stage 1 Performance Chip OBDII Module for Honda 100% Safe for your vehicle! 100% Plug-n-Play with zero cutting! 100% Money back guarantee Cutting Edge OBD-2 Technology Unlock your engines hidden potential! Your engine from the factory is not tuned for maximum power, unleash that extra potential your engine is missing. And get hondata on it and set up. R18A2 – 140 hp (103 kW) at 6,300 rpm, 128 lb-ft (174 Nm) at 4,300 rpm. JDM Engine Depot brings this engine to your doorsteps ensuring its reliability and performance. yudtms vtztom ygyvsi kydd qmo tcwx nut qgd gkom omdsytg lozbot lugu xink gycbmv rlmsx